CHAPTER 231. PLEADING AND PRACTICE  


SECTION 1 to 5. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 73
SECTION 6. Assignee of claim assigned by executor or administrator, proceedings
SECTION 6A. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 75
SECTION 6B. Interest added to damages in tort actions
SECTION 6C. Interest added to damages in contract actions
SECTION 6D. Damages for pain and suffering in tort actions arising out of operation, etc., of motor vehicles; restrictions
SECTION 6E. Definitions applicable to sections 6E to 6G
SECTION 6F. Costs, expenses and interest for insubstantial, frivolous or bad faith claims or defenses
SECTION 6G. Appeals; motions for expenses for insubstantial, frivolous or bad faith claims or defenses
SECTION 6H. Interest on damages
SECTION 6I. Interest rate; schedule
SECTION 7. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 75
SECTION 8. Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 158
SECTION 9. Action to recover possession of real property
SECTION 10 to 13. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 75
SECTION 13A. Invalidity of stipulation waiving service of process or authorizing confession of judgment; vacation of judgment
SECTION 13B. Ad damnum or monetary amount claimed
SECTION 14 to 20. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 75
SECTION 21. Pleading following answer in abatement
SECTION 22. Pleading the general issue; evidence
SECTION 23 to 30. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 77
SECTION 31. Equitable defenses
SECTION 32 to 34. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 78
SECTION 35. Reply avoiding defense in equity
SECTION 36 to 38. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 80
SECTION 39. Real and mixed actions at issue in land court
SECTION 40, 41. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 82
SECTION 42. Endorsement of pleading or process before filing or entry; residence
SECTION 43. Late endorsement of pleading or process
SECTION 44. Endorsement when plaintiff removes from commonwealth
SECTION 45. Procuring new responsible endorser
SECTION 46. Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 168
SECTION 47. Dismissal on failure to obtain endorser
SECTION 48. Substitute endorser
SECTION 49, 50. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 84
SECTION 51. Amendments as to parties, process or pleading
SECTION 52. Amendment after demurrer
SECTION 53, 54. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 87
SECTION 55. Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 170
SECTION 56 to 58. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 87
SECTION 58A. Notice of default to company issuing motor vehicle liability policy or bond; assessment of damages deferred
SECTION 59. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 87
SECTION 59A. Advancing action for speedy trial
SECTION 59B. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 87
SECTION 59C. Request of either party
SECTION 59D. Speedy trial of actions involving election laws
SECTION 59E. Request of either party
SECTION 59F. Speedy trial for persons sixty-five years of age or older
SECTION 59G. Dismissal for failure to file a timely request for trial; vacation of judgment
SECTION 59H. Strategic litigation against public participation; special motion to dismiss
SECTION 60, 60A. Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 178
SECTION 60B. Malpractice actions against providers of health care; tribunal
SECTION 60C. Malpractice complaints; ad damnum prohibited
SECTION 60D. Claim by minor against provider of health care; limitations
SECTION 60E. Malpractice action; professional examination of claimant
SECTION 60F. Award of damages; elements and itemization of amounts
SECTION 60G. Reduction of award of damages; collateral sources of benefits
SECTION 60H. Limitation of damages for pain and suffering
SECTION 60I. Attorney fees; limitations on contingency fees
SECTION 60J. Negligence actions for serving alcoholic beverages to minors or intoxicated persons; summary judgments
SECTION 60K. Actions for malpractice, negligence, etc. against health care providers; damages; rate of interest
SECTION 60L. Written notice requirement for actions against health care providers as defined in seventh paragraph of Sec. 60B; time for filing; exceptions; contents; provider's access to medical records; written response
SECTION 61. Filing interrogatories
SECTION 62. Answers to interrogatories
SECTION 63. Rules governing use of interrogatories
SECTION 64. Failure to answer or to amend or expunge answer
SECTION 65. Person answering interrogatories when corporation, municipal corporation, minor or incompetent is party
SECTION 66. Order for costs
SECTION 67. Non-disclosure of information not pertinent
SECTION 68. Inspecting documents
SECTION 69. Demand for admissions; answer to demand or refusal of admissions; costs
SECTION 70. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 91
SECTION 71. Motions and interlocutory orders
SECTION 72. Agreements regarding amendments and trial procedure
SECTION 73. Repealed, 1932, 180, Sec. 40
SECTION 74 to 76. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 94
SECTION 77. Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 185
SECTION 78. Repealed, 1932, 180, Sec. 40
SECTION 79. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 94
SECTION 80. Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 187
SECTION 81. Charges as to facts, etc.
SECTION 82. Designation of place of trial
SECTION 83. Interrupting examination of witnesses
SECTION 84. Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 189
SECTION 84A. Consolidation of actions involving same subject matter
SECTION 85. Comparative negligence; limited effect of contributory negligence as defense
SECTION 85A. Prima facie evidence of owner's responsibility for operation of motor vehicle
SECTION 85B. Action for consequential damages; presumption of automobile owner's responsibility
SECTION 85C. Action to enforce liability policy or bond; presumption of insured's consent to operation of vehicle
SECTION 85D. Imputing negligence of parent or custodian to infant
SECTION 85E. Motor vehicles; defenses in subrogation claims
SECTION 85F. Imputation of negligence of operator of motor vehicle to passenger-owner
SECTION 85G. Parents' liability for willful acts of minor children
SECTION 85H. Leased property; failure to return; conversion; presumption
SECTION 85I. Emergency care, etc. of injured persons by members of ski patrols; exemption from civil liability
SECTION 85J. Fraud or deceit in sale of personal property; treble damages
SECTION 85K. Limitation of tort liability of certain charitable organizations; liability of directors, officers or trustees of educational institutions
SECTION 85L. Recovery of damages against operator of motor vehicle by guest; ordinary negligence
SECTION 85M. Disclaimers of liability by parking facilities not a defense and void
SECTION 85N. Liability of licensed members of certain professional societies and committees for damages resulting from official acts
SECTION 85O. Contracts; age of legal capacity and liability in civil actions
SECTION 85P. Age of majority; legal capacity
SECTION 85P1/2. Child performers; contracts; court approval
SECTION 85Q. Standard of care owed children; maintenance of artificial condition upon land
SECTION 85R. Boat races or regattas; liability for injuries
SECTION 85R1/2. Liability for damage to property as a result of shoplifting or attempted larceny; recovery
SECTION 85S. Physical alteration or destruction of fine art
SECTION 85T. Negligence action for serving alcohol to intoxicated person prohibited; exceptions
SECTION 85U. Death or injury to unlawful dwelling occupants; liability of lawful occupants
SECTION 85V. Sports program volunteers' liability; definitions
SECTION 85W. Officers and directors of charitable corporations; tort liability
SECTION 85X. Loss of consortium of a dependent child; cause of action
SECTION 85Y. Child care facilities; liability of owner of property for injury or damage on premises
SECTION 85Z. Conveyances without fair consideration by persons in contempt of an order or judgment for child support; civil action
SECTION 85AA. Liability of registered rescue volunteers
SECTION 86. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 96
SECTION 87. Pleadings as evidence; effect
SECTION 88. Effect of unaccepted offer of judgment
SECTION 89. Use at trial of answers to interrogatories
SECTION 90. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 98
SECTION 91. Effect of unproved defense of truth in action of slander or libel; proof of statements not contained in pleadings
SECTION 91A. Radio or television broadcast; liability of owner of station, etc.
SECTION 91B. Statement relating to bank loan for purchase of goods or services as defense to claim for libel
SECTION 92. Truth as justification for libel
SECTION 93. Retraction of libel; mitigation of damages; punitive damages
SECTION 94. Evidence in mitigation of damages
SECTION 94A. Probable cause as defence in action for false arrest
SECTION 94B. False arrest; shoplifting; defrauding innkeepers; defenses
SECTION 94C. False arrest; theft of public records; defenses
SECTION 95. Defense to action on default judgment
SECTION 96. Relief from final judgment; vacation; effect of attachment
SECTION 96A. Repealed, 1947, 361
SECTION 97. Appeal to superior court
SECTION 98. Appeal bond
SECTION 99. Deposit in lieu of appeal bond
SECTION 100. Repealed, 1931, 426, Sec. 111
SECTION 101. Record on appeal to superior court; transmission
SECTION 102. Docket entries on taking appeal
SECTION 102A. Repealed, 1943, 296, Sec. 3
SECTION 102B. Repealed, 1958, 369, Sec. 2
SECTION 102C. Transfer of action from superior court; trial; decision; notice; judgment; retransfer; trial
SECTION 103. Waiver of jury trial and right of appeal in cases brought in district court
SECTION 104. Removal from district court to superior court
SECTION 104A. Multiple judgments specification for removal to superior court
SECTION 105. Repealed, 1956, 302, Sec. 2
SECTION 106. Deposit in lieu of removal bond
SECTION 107. Circumstances making removal bond unnecessary
SECTION 108. Appellate divisions of district courts; assignment and compensation of justices; procedure
SECTION 109. Appeal to appeals court from appellate division
SECTION 110. Powers of appellate division
SECTION 110A to 110C. Repealed, 1931, 426, Sec. 119
SECTION 111. Report by single justice
SECTION 112. Report by single justice of supreme judicial court
SECTION 112A. Appellate proceedings upon report; application of Rules of Appellate Procedure
SECTION 112B. Objections to rulings or orders
SECTION 113. Appeal from final judgment of superior court, land court and housing courts
SECTION 114. Appeal from final judgment of single justice of supreme judicial court
SECTION 115. Disposition of judgment on appeal; stay of execution
SECTION 116. Protective orders pending appeal
SECTION 117. Temporary appellate relief from final judgments pending appeal
SECTION 118. Temporary appellate relief from interlocutory orders; appeals to appeals court or supreme judicial court
SECTION 118A. Appeal from interlocutory order for equitable relief
SECTION 119. Harmless error; disposition of judgment on appeal
SECTION 120 to 123. Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 203
SECTION 124. Determination of questions of law by full court on appeal
SECTION 125. Appellate court's powers of amendment; additional testimony
SECTION 125A. Further report of material facts in equity and probate appeals
SECTION 126. Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 205
SECTION 127. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 109
SECTION 128, 129. Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 205
SECTION 130. Costs on refusal of new trial
SECTION 131. Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 205
SECTION 132. Error not affecting substantial rights; partial new trial
SECTION 133 to 137. Repealed, 1973, 1114, Sec. 205
SECTION 138. Amendment of pleadings; notice and hearing requisite to bind certain persons; appeal
SECTION 139. Representation of corporate party by officer or agent
SECTION 140. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 110
SECTION 140A. Conclusiveness of consent judgment in automobile case
SECTION 140B. Advance payments or settlements of claims by insurers; effect upon liability; admissibility as evidence; credit upon judgment; notice of limitations to claimant by insurer; accrual of cause of action
SECTION 140C. Settlement or partial payment by insurer as admission of liability
SECTION 140C1/2. Settlement of claim of minor or incompetent; judicial powers; petition for settlement approval
SECTION 141 to 147. Repealed, 1975, 377, Sec. 110